Dysphagia refers to the difficulty or discomfort in swallowing food or liquids. The reasons for dysphagia can vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. As a guide, some common signs of dysphagia can include:
Increased difficulty in swallowing: A person may experience a worsening of their ability to initiate or complete the swallowing process. They may find it challenging to move food or liquids from the mouth to the throat.
Choking or coughing during or after swallowing: As dysphagia worsens, there may be an increased risk of choking or coughing during or after swallowing. This can occur due to food or liquid entering the airway instead of the oesophagus.
Sensation of food getting stuck: The feeling of food getting stuck in the throat or chest can indicate a decline in swallowing function as is a common sign of dysphagia. This sensation may persist even after swallowing attempts or require more effort to clear.
Regurgitation or reflux: Deterioration in dysphagia can lead to an increased incidence of regurgitation, where swallowed food or liquids come back up into the mouth. Reflux, characterized by the backflow of stomach acid into the oesophagus, may also worsen.
Weight loss or malnutrition: Progressive dysphagia can cause individuals to avoid eating or reduce their food intake due to the fear of choking or discomfort. As a result, unintended weight loss or malnutrition may occur.
Aspiration pneumonia: When food, liquid, or saliva enter the airway instead of the oesophagus, it can lead to aspiration pneumonia. Symptoms may include fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, and increased production of phlegm.
Increased mealtime duration: A decline in swallowing function can prolong mealtime due to the need for increased effort, cautious chewing, or swallowing attempts. Meals may become more laborious and time-consuming.
If you or someone you know is experiencing deterioration in swallowing function, it is important to seek medical attention for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.